Is this a bedbug?

Is this a bedbug?

How come bedbugs always find us?

Bedbugs are creatures of the night and they have night vision Most experts think that bedbugs have a highly developped sense of smell and some companies pretend that pheromones along with heat and Co2 is a main attractant for bedbugs.

So they make  a bedbug pate that they sell as pheromones, the “scent” that will attract  bedbugs without having a clue what pheromones do. It is like the eleven spices and fine herbs in Col.Sanders recipe. Nobody knows what they are and they are supposed to make chicken taste better.  Of course spices makes food taste better but you do not need them to enjoy food.

The truth is that bedbugs do not need pheromones to find us. Bedbugs like all insects use pheromones to communicate between themselves and are totally indifferent to human smells. They detect us by sight, not by smell.

They have thermal vision, the same as mosquitoes, here is what they see:

Our body heat at 37,2C (98,6F) against a room temperature of 20C (68F) background.  How can they miss us, for bedbugs we are glowing. That is why they are attracted to our heat, not because they feel it but because they can see it.

Bring your hand close to them and it will make them react : 

Bedbugs can hide from us but we cannot hide from them.

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Bedbugs always go in the darker side og things

It is very simple, it is for the same reason. If they can see  heat which is the lower part of the light spectrum,  day light is too bright and blinds them.

Some people think that keeping the lights on at night will keep the bedbugs from biting them, they are partially right. It is difficult for bedbugs to see heat when there is too much light. It is the same as for us, we can see a fire from a great distance at night but it is not as bright during the day.

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How come bedbugs are attracted to Co2?

If bedbugs can see heat, they do not always see it.  Light is detected only in direct line of sight. Whe we are sleeping on the bed, bedbugs on the floor cannot see us. All they see is a faint glow somewhere overhead but which is blocked  by the mattress and the box spring. All they can do is try to climb up towards that direction. They need something else to guide themto the human sleeping on top of the bed and that is our respiration.

Everybody knows by now that Co2 attract bedbugs  and the same experts that think that pheromones attract bedbugs also think that bedbugs smell odorless CO2.

Bedbugs do not smell CO2, they can see it. CO2 is invisible to humans, if it would not be, we would see smoke blowing out of our nose with each breath we take, but that is exactly what bedbugs see.  Few people know that Co2 absorbs infrared and becomes dark for any creature that can see heat which is in the infrared.

That’s right, the bedbug thermal vision allows them to see what is invisible to us.

CO2 absorbs infrared

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ot5n9m4whaw

CO2 experiment

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SeYfl45X1wo

Kid’s Science Experiment To Show CO2 Is Heavier Than Air

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=fvwp&v=AvpenpBXAmM&NR=1

There are 200 millions bedbugs in New-York.

It is the motherlode of all bedbugs.

Bed bug infestations have resurged in recent years, for reasons which are not clear, but contributing factors may be:

  1. complacency,
  2. ever-increasing resistance to pesticides,
  3. international travel.

The current wave of bed bug infestations across America has spawned an industry for bedbug prevention, eradication and the reporting of infestations, none of which has stopped the bedbug from thriving.

http://www.vdacs.virginia.gov/pesticides/pdffiles/bb-biology1.pdf

Introduction to the Bedbug Lifecycle

The bedbugs that are infesting homes today are the descendents of cave dwelling bugs that originally fed on the blood of bats. When humans began living in the caves, the bugs began feeding on humans. Later, when humans moved out of the caves and started their agricultural civilizations, the bugs moved with them. Since that time, humans have carried bedbugs all over the world.

Bedbugs belong to a family of insects called Cimicidae. All members of this family feed exclusively on blood. The common bedbug (Cimex lectularius) has five developmental life stages. Each immature life stage (called nymphs or instars) must take a blood meal in order to develop into the next life stage. Because bedbugs, like all insects, have their skeleton on the outside of their body (exoskeleton) they have to shed their exoskeleton in order to grow larger. This shedding of the exoskeleton is called molting. A bedbug nymph must take a blood meal to molt successfully. After growing through five instar molts, the bedbug becomes an adult. Adult bedbugs, both male and female, must also take regular blood meals to reproduce.

The diagram above illustrates the bedbug lifecycle including all instars, before and after feeding. The total development process from and egg to an adult can take place in about 37 days at optimal temperatures (>72° F). Adult bedbugs have a variable life span of two months to nearly one year depending on regular access to blood meals and favorable temperatures.

Feeding Behavior

Bed bugs have a cryptic lifestyle, meaning they spend the majority of their time hiding together in cracks and crevices where they will not be seen or disturbed. However, they become active at night, between midnight and 5:00 am. It is during this time, when the human host is typically in their deepest sleep, that bed bugs like to feed.

Bed bugs are known to travel many yards to reach their human host. Bed bugs are attracted to CO2 produced by the host exhalations, and they are also attracted to body heat.

—— However, bed bugs are only able to detect these host cues over short distances (about 3 feet away for CO2 and even less for heat). It is not well understood how bed bugs hiding in a closet are able tofind a host located in a bed across the room. However, bed bugs are able to move very quickly, and it is thought that they do a lot of wandering around before they are able to locate their food. —–

  • ( The author does not seem to know that bedbugs have thermal vision and can detect a heat source by sight across the room as well as bedbugs can see CO2 from a distance as wisps and trails of dark smoke. Bedbugs do not have to wander around to locate their food.)

Ideally, most bed bugs would like to aggregate near the host’s bed, on the mattress or in the boxsprings, when they are not feeding. However, this is not always possible in heavy infestations where bed bugs are crowded and many bed bugs have to seek refuge at distances several yards from the host.

  • (It is called natural scattering, there is also human scattering from intense cleaning activities and pesticide scattering from commercial products and bedbug management companies)

Once a bed bug finds the host, they probe the skin with their mouthparts to find a capillary space that allows the blood to flow rapidly into their bodies. A bed bug may probe the skin several times before it starts to feed. This probing will result in the host receiving several bites from the same bug. Once the bed bug settles on a location, it will feed for 5-10 minutes. After the bed bug is full, it will leave the host and return to a crack or crevice, typically where other bed bugs are aggregating. The bed bug will then begin digesting and excreting their meal.

Bed bugs usually feed every 3-7 days, which means that the majority of the population is in the digesting state, and not feeding most of the time.

Mating Behavior

After feeding, adult bed bugs, particularly the males, are very interested in mating. Cimicid bugs have unique method of mating called traumatic insemination. This mating behavior is considered traumatic because the male, instead of inserting his reproductive organ (paramere) into the female genitalia, he literally stabs it through her body wall into a specialized organ on her right side, called the Organ of Berlese. The male sperm is released into the female’s body cavity, where over the next several hours it will migrate to her ovaries and fertilize her eggs.

The traumatic insemination stabbing creates a wound in the female’s body that leaves a scar. The female’s body must heal from this wound and consequently, females are known to leave aggregations after being mated several times to avoid any further abuse. Studies have shown that the process of healing from traumatic insemination has a significant impact on the female’s ability to produce eggs. In fact, females that mate only once, and are not subjected to repeated stabbings by the male will produce 25 percent more eggs than females that are mated repeatedly.

In practical terms, this means that a single mated female brought into a home can cause an infestation without having a male present, as long as she has access to regular blood meals. The female will eventually run out of sperm, and will have to mate again to fertilize her eggs. However, she can easily mate with her own offspring after they become adults to continue the cycle.

Egg Production:

The number of egg batches a female will produce in her lifetime is dependent on her access to regular blood meals. The more meals the female can take the greater the number of eggs she will produce. For example, if the average adult female is able to feed every week, she will produce many more eggs than if she is able to feed only once a month.

On average:
• A female can produce between 5 and 20 eggs from a single blood meal.
• Eggs can be laid singly or in groups. A wandering female can lay an egg anywhere in a room.
• Under optimal conditions, egg mortality is low and approximately 97% of the bed bug eggs hatch successfully. At room temperature (>70° F), 60 percent of the eggs will hatch when they are 6 days old; >90 percent will have hatched by the time they are 9 days old.
• Egg hatch time can be increased by several days by lowering ambient temperature (to 50° F).

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Bedbug

Cimex lectularius
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Heteroptera
Infraorder: Cimicomorpha
Superfamily: Cimicoidea
Family: Cimicidae
Latreille, 1802
SubfamiliesGenera & Species

Bed bugs are parasitic insects that feed on blood The term is used loosely to refer to any species of the genus Cimex, and even more loosely to refer to any member of the family Cimicidae (cimicids). The common bedbug, Cimex lectularius, is the most infamous species of the family and prefers to feed on human blood. The name of the “bed bug” is derived from the insect’s preferred habitat of houses and especially beds or other areas where people sleep. Bed bugs are mainly active at night, but are not exclusivelynocturnal and are capable of feeding on their hosts without being noticed.

A number of adverse health effects may occur due to bed bug bites, including skin rashes, psychological effects, andallergic symptoms. Diagnosis involves both finding bed bugs and the occurrence of compatible symptoms.

Bed bugs have been known as human parasites for thousands of years.[5] At a point in the early 1940s, they were mostly eradicated in the developed world, but have recently increased in prevalence since 1995. Because infestation of human habitats has been on the increase, bed bug bites and related conditions have been on the rise, as well.

Physical

Adult bed bugs are light brown to reddish-brown, flattened, oval-shaped and have no hind wings, but front wings are vestigial and reduced to pad-like structures. They have segmented abdomens with microscopic hairs that give them a banded appearance. Adults grow to 4–5 mm in length and 1.5–3 mm wide. Newly hatched nymphs are translucent, lighter in colour and become browner as they moult and reach maturity. Bed bugs may be mistaken for other insects, such as booklice, small cockroaches, or carpet beetles, however when warm and active, their movements are more ant-like, and like most other true bugs, they emit a characteristic disagreeable odor when crushed.

Bed bugs use pheromones and kairomones to communicate regarding nesting locations, feeding and reproduction.

The life span of bed bugs varies by species and is also dependent on feeding.

Bed bugs can survive a wide range of temperatures and atmospheric compositions. Below 16.1 °C (61.0 °F), adults enter semihibernation and can survive longer; they can survive for at least five days at −10 °C (14 °F), but will die after 15 minutes of exposure to −32 °C (−26 °F) They show high desiccation tolerance, surviving low humidity and a 35–40 °C range even with loss of one-third of body weight; earlier life stages are more susceptible to drying out than later ones. The thermal death point for C. lectularius is high: 45 °C (113 °F), and all stages of life are killed by 7 min of exposure to 46 °C (115 °F).

Bed bugs cannot survive high concentrations of carbon dioxide for very long;

Exposure to nearly pure nitrogen atmospheres, however, appears to have relatively little effect even after 72 hours.  ___( Not surprising since air is composed of nearly 80% nitrogen and is a normal condition for all life)

Feeding habits

Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) ofCimex lectularius, digitally colorized with the insect’s skin-piercing mouthparts highlighted in purple and red

Bed bugs are obligatory hematophagous (bloodsucking) insects. Most species feed on humans only when other prey are unavailable. Bed bugs are attracted to their hosts primarily by carbon dioxide, secondarily by warmth, and also by certain chemicals.

A bed bug pierces the skin of its host with what is called a stylet fascicle. This is a unit composed of the maxillae and mandibles which have been modified into elongated shapes from a basic, ancestral style. The right and left maxillary stylets are connected at their midline and a section at the centerline forms a large food canal and a smaller salivary canal. The entire maxillary and mandibular bundle penetrates the skin. The tips of the right and left maxillary stylets are not the same; the right is hook-like and curved, and the left is straight. The right and left mandibular stylets extend along the outer sides of their respective maxillary stylets and do not reach anywhere near the tip of the fused maxillary stylets. The stylets are retained in a groove in the labium, and during feeding, they are freed from the groove as the jointed labium is bent or folded out of the way; its tip never enters the wound. The mandibular stylet tips have small teeth and through alternately moving these stylets back and forth, the insect cuts a path through tissue for the maxillary bundle to reach an appropriately sized blood vessel. Feeding by sucking for about three to five minutes or more, the bug then withdraws the stylet bundle from the feeding position and retracts it back into the labial groove, folds the entire unit back under the head, and returns to its hiding place. It takes between five to ten minutes for a bed bug to become completely engorged with blood.

It is a myth that bed bugs can live for a year without feeding, it can only occur in cold temperatures and never in heated human dwellings

At temperatures of 55F, without ant activity and feeding, they live about five months.

At temperatures of 68F,without activity and feeding, they live about three months.

Alvero Romaro, University of Kentucky performed experiments where colonies of bedbugs were placed in an unoccupied building at 68F and recorded their behavior with time lapse cameras. The bed bugs didn’t forage or feed and the study gave a normal mortality rate of 92 days (average)

At the 57th Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America in 2009, newer generations of pesticide-resistant bed bugs in Virginia were reported to survive only two months without feeding.


DNA from human blood meals from bed bugs can be recovered for up to 90 days, which may allow them to be used for forensic purposes for identifying on whom the bed bugs have been feeding.

Reproduction

A bed bug (Cimex lectularius)traumatically inseminates another

All bed bugs mate by traumatic insemination.

Female bed bugs possess a reproductive tract that functions duringoviposition, but the male does not use this tract for sperm insemination.

Instead, the male pierces the female’s abdomenwith his hypodermic genitalia and ejaculates into the body cavity. In all bed bug species except Primicimex cavernis, sperm are injected into the mesospermalege, a component of thespermalege, a secondary genital structure that reduces the wounding and immunological costs of traumatic insemination. Injected sperm travel via the haemolymph (blood) to sperm storage structures called seminal conceptacles, with fertilisation eventually taking place at the ovaries.

Male bed bugs always attempt to mate with other males and pierce the latter in the abdomen. This behaviour occurs because sexual attraction in bed bugs is based primarily on size, and males will mount any freshly fed partner regardless of age or sex. This behavior of the agressive males causes natural scattering  

The “bed bug alarm pheromone” consists of (E)-2-octenal and (E)-2-hexenal. It is released when a bed bug is disturbed, as during an attack by a predator. A 2009 study demonstrated the alarm pheromone is also released by male bed bugs to repel other males who attempt to mate with them.

C. lectularius and C. hemipterus will mate with each other given the opportunity, but the eggs then produced are usually sterile. In a 1988 study, one of 479 eggs was fertile and resulted in a hybrid, C. hemipterus ×lectularius.

Life stages

Bed bugs have six life stages (five immature and an adult stage). They will shed their skins through a molting process (ecdysis) throughout multiple stages of their lives. The discarded outer shells look like clear, empty exoskeletons of the bugs themselves. Bed bugs must molt six times before becoming fertile adults.

  • Cimex lectularius

  • Bed bug (4 mm length; 2.5 mm width), shown in a film roll plastic container, on the right is the recently sloughed skin from its nymph stage

  • A bed bug nymph feeding on a host

  • Blood-fed Cimex lectularius (Note the differences in color with respect to digestion of blood meal)

  • A bed bug with hunger bubbles visible in its gut

Infestation

A side of a face showing red blotchy marks covering much of it

Main article: Bed bug infestation

Bed bugs can cause a number of health effects, including skin rashes, psychological effects, and allergic symptoms. They are able to be infected by at least 28 human pathogens, but no study has clearly found the insect is able to transmit the pathogen to a human being. Bed bug bites or cimicosis may lead to a range of skin manifestations from no visible effects to prominent blisters. Diagnosis involves both finding bed bugs and the occurrence of compatible symptoms. Treatment involves the elimination of the insect but is otherwise symptomatic.[31] They have been found with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA and with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), but the significance of this is still unknown.

Cause

Dwellings can become infested with bed bugs in a variety of ways, such as:

  • Bugs and eggs inadvertently brought in from other infested dwellings by visiting pets; or a visiting person’s clothing or luggage;
  • Infested items (such as furniture, clothing, or backpacks) brought in;
  • Nearby dwellings or infested items, if easy routes are available for travel (through duct work or false ceilings);
  • Wild animals (such as bats or birds) that may also harbor bed bugs or related species such as thebat bug;
  • People or pets visiting an infested areas (apartment, subway, movie theater, or hotel) and carrying the bugs to another area on their clothing, luggage, or bodies.

Detection

An engorged female bed bug (C. lectularius) with eggs, discovered in the screw hole of a wooden bed frame

Bed bugs are elusive and usually nocturnal, which can make them hard to spot. They often lodge unnoticed in dark crevices, and eggs can be nestled in fabric seams. Aside from bite symptoms, signs include fecal spots, blood smears on sheets, and molts.

Bed bugs can be found singly, but often congregate once established. They usually remain close to hosts, commonly in or near beds or couches. Harborage areas can vary greatly, however, including luggage, vehicles, furniture and bedside clutter. Bed bugs may also nest near animals that have nested within a dwelling, such as bats, birds, or rodents. The eggs of bed bugs are found in similar places where the bed bugs themselves are found, and are attached to surfaces by a sticky substance. Attractant devices for detection use heat and/orcarbon dioxide.

A few companies are experimenting with high speed gas chromatography to detect bed bugs and other insect vermin.

Bed bugs can be detected by their characteristic smell of rotting raspberries.

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Bed bug detection dogs are trained to pinpoint infestations, with an unproven possible accuracy rate of 97.5%, based upon tests conducted under controlled conditions by researchers paid by pest management companies. The success rates in these tests does not reflect real-world success rates of pest companies’ dogs, operating with many more variables in the field and are much lower and unreliable. 

Dog detection of a nest or a colony can often occur in minutes (bedbugs are not hard to find, they are in the bed)  but fail to detect lone dormant bedbugs elsewhere in the room, espacially when the bedbug hides out of reach of the dog sense of smell like in ceiling and high shelves in closets.

It is an attempt to ride on the bedbug for money. Exterminator use them to validate their services but no dog can detect the bedbugs that have been pushed into the walls by poison. When the student moves in, that dormant bedbug will detect him/her and restart the infestation. The student will then be blamed for the exterminator’s failure. 

Bed bug detection dog in New York

It is a stupid way to detect bedbugs as it submits the dog to sniffing poison and hurt the animal. Most die of health problems later in their life and are put under to end their pain. The only purpose they serve is to profit pest management companies to verify if their poison worked. 

Common sensewill tell you that bedbugs are increasingly resistant to poison and that dogs will always be sniffing poison until they get sick and they die.

 If you love an animal as they claim they do, they would not put them in such dangerous “working” conditions.

Dog trainers who use dog’s amazing sense of smell like that should be sent to jail for cruelty to animals.

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Management

Eradication of bed bugs frequently requires a combination of pesticide, making the bedbug resistant to poison by overexposure and spreading the bedbugs around and nonpesticide approaches.

Pesticides that have historically been found to be ineffective include: pyrethroidsdichlorvos and malathionResistance to pesticides has increased significantly over time and negative health effects from their use are of concern.

Mechanical approaches, such as vacuuming up the insects and expensive heat treating or useless wrapping mattresses, have been recommended.

The carbamate insecticide Propoxur is highly toxic to bed bugs, but in the United States the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been reluctant to approve such an indoor use because of its potential toxicity to children after chronic exposure.   .[43]  

Wake up people, the life of our children is now at stake and poison pushers are desperately trying to make it legal again to cover their failure to control the bedbug! 

Predators

Natural enemies of bed bugs include the masked hunter (also known as “masked bed bug hunter”),[44]cockroaches,[45] ants, spiders (particularly Thanatus flavidus), mites and centipedes. The Pharaoh ant‘s (Monomorium pharaonisvenom is lethal to bed bugs. Biological pest control is not very practical for eliminating bed bugs from human dwellings.

Epidemiology

Bed bugs occur around the world. Rates of infestations in developed countries, while decreasing from the 1930s to the 1980s, have increased dramatically since the 1980s. Previously, they were common in the developing world, but rare in the developed world. The increase in the developed world may have been caused by increased international travel, resistance to insecticides, and the use of [47][48] The fall in bed bug populations after the 1930s in the developed world is believed to be partly due to the use of DDT to kill cockroaches. The invention of the vacuum cleaner and simplification of furniture design may have also played a role. Others believe it might simply be the cyclical nature of the organism.The exact causes of this resurgence remain unclear but strongly points towards the use of ineffective repellents; that all poisons are.

It is wrongly ascribed to greater foreign travel, more frequent exchange of second-hand furnishings among homes, a greater focus on control of other pests, resulting in neglect of bed bug countermeasures, and increasing resistance to pesticides.

The common bed bug (Cimex lectularius) is the species best adapted to human environments. It is found in temperate climates throughout the world. Other species include Cimex hemipterus, found in tropical regions, which also infests poultry and bats, and Leptocimex boueti, found in the tropics of West Africa and South America, which infests bats and humans. Cimex pilosellus and Cimex pipistrella primarily infest bats, whileHaematosiphon inodora, a species of North America, primarily infests poultry.

History

An 1860 engraving of parts of a bed bug. A. Intestines. – B. Antenna of the Male. – C Eye. – D. Haustellum, or Sucker, closed. – E. Side view of Sucker. – F. Under Part of Head. – G. Under Lip. – GG. Hair of the Tube, and outside Cases. – H. Egg-Bag. – I. Worm emerging from the Eggs

C. lectularius may have originated in the Middle East in caves inhabited by bats and humans.

Bed bugs were mentioned in ancient Greece as early as 400 BC, and were later mentioned by AristotlePliny’s Natural History, first published circa 77 AD in Rome, claimed bed bugs had medicinal value in treating ailments such as snake bites and ear infections. (Belief in the medicinal use of bed bugs persisted until at least the 18th century, when Guettard recommended their use in the treatment of hysteria.[52]) Bed bugs were first mentioned in Germany in the 11th century, in France in the 13th century and in England in 1583, though they remained rare in England until 1670. Some in the 18th century believed bed bugs had been brought to London with supplies of wood to rebuild the city after the Great Fire of London (1666). Giovanni Antonio Scopoli noted their presence in Carniola (roughly equivalent to present-day Slovenia) in the 18th century.

Traditional methods of repelling and/or killing bed bugs include the use of plants, fungi, and insects (or their extracts), such asblack pepperblack cohosh (Actaea racemosa); Pseudarthria hookeriLaggera alata (Chinese yángmáo cǎo | 羊毛草); Eucalyptus saligna oil; henna (Lawsonia inermis or camphire); “infused oil ofMelolontha vulgaris” (presumably cockchafer); fly agaric (Amanita muscaria); Actaea spp. (e.g. black cohosh); tobacco; “heated oil of Terebinthina” (i.e. true turpentine); wild mint (Mentha arvensis); narrow-leaved pepperwort (Lepidium ruderale); Myrica spp. (e.g. bayberry); Robert geranium (Geranium robertianum);bugbane (Cimicifuga spp.); “herb and seeds of Cannabis“; “opulus” berries (possibly maple or European cranberrybush); masked hunter bugs (Reduvius personatus), “and many others”.

In the mid-19th century, smoke from peat fires was recommended.

Dusts have been used to ward off insects from grain storage for centuries, including “plant ash, lime, dolomite, certain types of soil, and diatomaceous earth or Kieselguhr”. Of these, diatomaceous earth in particular has seen a revival as a nontoxic (when in amorphous form) residual pesticide for bed bug abatement. Insects exposed to diatomaceous earth may take several days to die.

Basket-work panels were put around beds and shaken out in the morning in the UK and in France in the 19th century. Scattering leaves of plants with microscopic hooked hairs around a bed at night, then sweeping them up in the morning and burning them, was a technique reportedly used in southern Rhodesia and in the Balkans.

Prior to the mid-20th century, bed bugs were very common. According to a report by the UK Ministry of Health, in 1933, all the houses in many areas had some degree of bed bug infestation.  The increase in bed bug populations in the early 20th century has been blamed on the advent of electric heating, which allowed bed bugs to thrive year-round instead of only in warm weather.

Bed bugs were a serious problem during World War IIGeneral MacArthur commented that bed bugs are the “greatest nuisance insect problem … at bases in the U.S”.

The decline of bed bug populations in the 20th century is often credited to potent pesticides that had not previously been widely available.. Other contributing factors that are less frequently mentioned in news reports are increased public awareness and slum clearance programs that combined pesticide use with steam disinfection, relocation of slum dwellers to new housing, and in some cases also follow-up inspections for several months after relocated tenants moved into their new housing.

Bed bug infestations have resurged in recent years for reasons which are not clear, but contributing factors may be complacency, increased resistance, bans on pesticides and increased international travel. The current wave of bed bug infestations across America has spawned an industry for bed bug prevention, eradication and the reporting of infestations.

Society and culture

The saying “Good night, sleep tight, don’t let the bed bugs bite.” is common for parents to say to young children before they go to sleep.[66]

Naming

The term bed bug may also be spelled bedbug or bed-bug. They have been known by a variety of other names, including wall louse, mahogany flat, crimson rambler, heavy dragoon, chinche bug, and redcoat.

References

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  2. ^ Goddard, J; deShazo, R (1 April 2009). “Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) and clinical consequences of their bites”. JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association 301 (13): 1358–66.doi:10.1001/jama.2009.405PMID 19336711.
  3. a b c d e f Reinhardt, Klaus; Siva-Jothy, Michael T. (Jan 2007). “Biology of the Bed Bugs (Cimicidae)”Annual Review of Entomology 52: 351–374.doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.52.040306.133913.PMID 16968204. Retrieved 26 May 2010.
  4. a b “What Are Bed Bugs? How To Kill Bed Bugs”.Medical News Today. MediLexicon International Ltd. 20 July 2009. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
  5. a b c d e f Jerome Goddard & Richard deShazo (2009). “Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) and clinical consequences of their bites”Journal of the American Medical Association 301 (13): 1358–1366.doi:10.1001/jama.2009.405PMID 19336711.
  6. ^ Kilpenen, O.; Vagn Jensen, K-M.; Kristensen, M..Bed Bug Problems in Denmark, with a European Perspective. pp. 395–399. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
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  53. ^ “That soon after the Fire of London, in some of the new-built Houses they were observ’d to appear, and were never noted to have been seen in the old, tho’ they were then so few, as to be little taken notice of; yet as they were only seen in Firr-Timber, ’twas conjectured they were then first brought to England in them; of which most of the new Houses were partly built, instead of the good Oak destroy’d in the old.” John Southall, A Treatise of Buggs [sic], pp. 16–17.http://www.archive.org/details/atreatisebuggss00soutgoog
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Further reading

  • Stephen Doggett. Bed Bugs: Clinical Relevance and Control Options. Clinical Microbiological Reviews, 25(1):164–192.
  • Stephen Doggett. A Code of Practice for the Control of Bed Bugs in Australia. Draft 4th edition, ICPMR & AEPMA, Sydney Australia, September 2011. ISBN 1-74080-135-0. This is free fromwww.bedbug.org.au.
  • Stephen Doggett. A Bed Bug Management Policy for Accommodation Providers. First ed, ICPMR, Sydney Australia, Sep 2011. This is free from www.bedbug.org.au.
  • David Cain, Richard Strand. Bed Bug Beware: An easy to understand guide to bed bugs, their prevention and control. Loughborough, United Kingdom: Foxhill Publishing, March 2009. ISBN 978-0-9562617-0-0
  • Larry Pinto, Richard Cooper, Sandy Kraft. Bed Bug Handbook: The Complete Guide to Bed Bugs and Their Control. Mechanicsville, Maryland: Pinto & Associates, December 2007. ISBN 978-0-9788878-1-0
  • Forsyth, Adrian. A Natural History of Sex: The Ecology and Evolution of Mating Behavior. Richmond Hill, Ontario: Firefly Books, 2001. ISBN 1-55209-481-2.
  • MacQuitty, Miranda, and Lawrence Mound. Megabugs: The Natural History Museum Book of Insects. New York: Random House Children’s Books, 1995. ISBN 1-898304-37-8ISBN 1-85868-045-X.
  • Goddard, Jerome A. The Physician’s Guide to Arthropods of Medical Importance (second edition).Source has the text of the1911 Encyclopædia Britannicaarticle Bug (insect).
  • Bedbug on the University of Florida/IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
  • Pollack, Richard; Alpert, Gary (2005). “Bedbugs: Biology and Management”.
  • Harvard School of Public Health. Retrieved 2010-06-21.
  • National Geographic segment on Bed bugs

I am highly knowledgeable about this topic (optional)… what do you think?

6 thoughts on “Is this a bedbug?

  1. Very well done. This alone will greatly help others in identifying a bed bug, and rule out other pests that may be biting. As noted, verify you have bed bugs in the first place before treating for them. Thank you.

  2. Hi
    im looking to shield my bed. All the videos I can find are of matresses on a bed box. I have an ikea wooden bed with the headboard attached and the matress 1/4 sits inside the frame on slats that attached to the frame.
    My question is how would I cover this bed with a shield. Im on the verge of throwing the whole thing away and getting a metal bed and new matress.

    I am the only person being bitten I also can not find any evidence of bed bugs Matress is clear and seams too. We have just had treatment done for fleas because I have recently seen fleas jumping of my rug and the cats scratching. I think ive just convinsed my self that I have bed bugs. Live in the Uk hope you can suggest something

    • Hi, I’m back from my family duties, good time with my grand children. I gave me time to think about fleas and bedbugs and how you can deal with them.

      First, let’s see what are the similitude and difference between both insects. Both are blood suckers, neither of them can fly but one can jump and the other one cannot. One is built to hang on to hair and the other one cannot. Both can be eliminated with simple inexpensive means. Both can be stopped with a shield on the bed and other means particular to each one.

      Yes, the video only shows how to make a shield on a simple mattress on a bed box. In the case of a wooden bed with an attached headboard, the shield is different than the one showed on the video. To make a shield on such a bed you will need two pieces of plastic instead of a single large on covering the bed.

      The first piece of plastic should be cut slightly larger than the inside of the frame of the bed, about 5 feet wide by 6 ½ feet long, placed directly on the slats and fixed to the inside of the frame. Seal that plastic to the inner side boards forming the frame with tape, making sure to leave no holes or openings that bedbugs could get through. To protect the wood from tape that could leave glue residue when you will want to remove it, use painter’s masking tape directly on the wooden boards and fix (tape) the plastic on top of that masking tape. That plastic will keep any insect from being able to climb up anywhere inside the frame.

      The second piece of plastic should be cut (or assembled together) to form a long strip of about 2 feet wide by 24 feet long, similar to what you can see on the video. That plastic should be hanging down vertically all around the outside of the wooden frame of the bed, including on the back side of the headboard to form a skirt all around the bed. Cut the plastic as straight as possible a toe space (about one inch) above the floor. This plastic will stop any insect from being able to cross over from the outside and on to the top of the bed.

      Both these plastics taped to the frame of the bed, one in the inside and the other to the outside, will form the shield that will protect you from any bite while you are sleeping. Any wooden part that might be suspected of harboring insects can be cleared out with 91% rubbing alcohol applied with a brush in any crack, joint and interstice. Rubbing alcohol kills any insect on contact. Once you have cleared any possible insect from those parts, make it foolproof by applying a coat of wax to these exposed higher parts, the wax will seal all those cracks , joints and interstices and even if you missed an insect, it will be sealed and entombed in the wax and will also die from being buried alive.

      There is only one thing left to protect and that is the mattress. Make your own mattress encasement with a regular contour sheet and another piece of plastic, about 6 feet wide by 7 feet long. Put the plastic on one side of the mattress and the contour sheet on the other. Tuck the plastic sides inside the elastic of the contour sheet and seal the joint tight with duct tape all around the mattress like a belt. Any insect that might be in the mattress will be sealed inside and will die of starvation.

      You will now have a shield for your IKEA wooden bed. A shield that will keep any insect from being able to reach and bite you while you sleep soundly on top of it. Of course, any other pathway insects might use to climb up on the bed should be also eliminated by leaving a small space (1/2 inch is enough) between anything that might touch the bed sheets (walls and floor). In case of fleas, the bed sheets should be pulled up at night to keep fleas from being able to jump up and hang to the hanging sides of the bed sheets since fleas can jump up to 8-10 inches high.

      Fleas are easier to get rid of than bedbugs. Fleas do not leave they “host” after feeding, so we can easily get rid of them with a low Permethrin shampoo such as Kwellada. This shampoo is safe on humans but can make cats sick. A safe alternative for pets is food grade Diameteous Earth (DE) which is non-poisonous and desiccates any insects in matter of days. Daily vacuuming for two weeks of the areas where pets usually rest or sleep eliminates all fleas in carpets, fabrics or hiding places close to the pets. Eggs will hatch and nymphs will be caught by vacuuming. As a precaution against fleas coming out of the vacuum hose after use, is to tape one end of a panties hose on the end of the vacuum and suck the panties hose in. It will make a filter that will catch any insect vacuumed in and they will not get into the dirt reservoir from which they can get out. With the vacuum still running, remove the panties hose once you are done and tie it up to keep insects inside this filter before disposing of it.

      Bedbugs are more difficult to find and get rid of since they get off their “host” as soon as they finished feeding, to find a place to hide and digest. Those bedbugs are nearly impossible to find and any attempt to chase or hunt them down always end up in scattering them all over the place. With a shield and CO2 bedbug traps, we simply let them come out all by themselves and driven by hunger they detect the CO2 coming from the traps and follow it to their doom at the bottom of a CO2 filled pitfall or get stuck under the shield for bedbugs already in the bed where they cannot bite and those bedbugs die of starvation within a few weeks.

      In both cases you can sleep soundly without a bite. That is the secret of eliminating all and any insect; we keep them from being able to feed. No insect as well as no creature on Earth can survive without feeding. In the case of blood suckers, it is even easier since they have only one source of food, if you take that food (your blood) away from them, those insects always wither and die of starvation.

      Start with the shield; it works for both the bedbugs and the fleas, as well as many other insects like mites and acarians. Then make CO2 bedbug traps on the floor, one behind each leg of the bed, to catch any and all bedbugs that might be in the room. Hunger will drive bedbugs towards the bed and the traps and will be suffocated in the bedbug pitfalls.

      Keep me informed of your progress or difficulties and you will have the most efficient and least expensive bedbug trap and shield in the world.
      Respectfully
      JulesNoise

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